The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), representing the joint efforts of the countries to mitigate the threats of the climate change. 

Under the Kyoto Protocol, both developed countries and developing countries have common but different responsibilities to reduce the greenhouse gas emission. The Kyoto Protocol has created three instruments to help the countries fulfilling their obligations: international emission trading, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI).